American Writer F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay - 1730 Words

American writer F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940) rose to prominence as a chronicler of the jazz age. Born in St. Paul, Minnesota, Fitzgerald had the good fortune—and the misfortune—to be a writer who summed up an era. The son of an alcoholic failure from Maryland and an adoring, intensely ambitious mother, he grew up acutely conscious of wealth and privilege—and of his family’s exclusion from the social elite. After entering Princeton in 1913, he became a close friend of Edmund Wilson and John Peale Bishop and spent most of his time writing lyrics for Triangle Club theatrical productions and analyzing how to triumph over the school’s intricate social rituals. He left Princeton without graduating and used it as the setting for his first novel, This Side of Paradise (1920). It was perfect literary timing. After flunking out of Princeton and joining the army, Fitzgerald began writing his first novel, ‘This Side of Paradise’, for fear that h e would be killed in the Great War for which he was never deployed. He struggled to produce anything anybody was interested in publishing; however, while stationed outside of Montgomery, Alabama, Fitzgerald fell in love with Zelda Sayre, the daughter of a state supreme court judge. Fitzgerald s financial situation was, to put it frankly, quite poor, and after a short engagement Sayre discontinued their relationship. Dismayed, yet newly motivated to win back his engagement to Zelda, Fitzgerald quit his job as an adman in New York City, movedShow MoreRelatedAmerican Writers Like Zora Nealle Hurston, F. Scott Fitzgerald, William Faulkner, And Ernest Hemingway947 Words   |  4 Pageschanging relationship between intellectuals and the broader public in those years. Many American writers like Zora Nealle Hurston, F. Scott Fitzgerald, William Faulkner, and Ernest Hemingway grew skeptical and weary of the general public during the 1920s, but during the Great Depression, were moved by the hardship they witnessed, the nation began to empathize with and work through the struggles of ordinary Americans. If the 1920s was marked by cultural division and by the disillusionment of intellectualsRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald. You Wouldn’T Think That A Poor Student874 Words   |  4 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald You wouldn’t think that a poor student and terrible speller would be one of the best american authors in history, but there was something different about this man. Francis Scott Fitzgerald was one of the most unique american authors in a variety of different ways. F. Scott Fitzgerald summed up a crucial era in our own world. Not only did he write 15 astonishing books, but one of them is often required to read in high school or college to this day (The Great Gatsby). He had aRead MoreAmerican Dream Failure Essay1092 Words   |  5 PagesThe Failure of the American Dream The American Dream; a reality chased by Americans for centuries, based on the ideas of liberty, happiness and equal right to success for all. But, for F. Scott Fitzgerald the American Dream was a materialistic world of permanent riches and fortune. This distorted perception of the American Dream, shared by many others, resulted in the failure of the real American Dream, a reality where one can live comfortably and safely. Instead, the American Dream became this unattainableRead MoreAnalysis Of F. Scott Fitzgerald s The Roaring Twenties 910 Words   |  4 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald—â€Å"one of the most celebrated writers of all times†. (Mini Bio)Through his novels or short stories, he was able to reveal the secrets of himself that carried out his destiny. The â€Å"Roaring Twenties† were surrounded by luxurious lifestyles that a small town boy could only dream of. Fitzgerald recognized this and craved that lifestyle and when he came upon it, he realized it was not all that he had dreamed it would be, for wealth was not the problem solver. Francis Scott Key FitzgeraldRead MoreThe Life and Times of a Philosopher of Flappers Essay696 Words   |  3 Pageswithout war. F. Scott Fitzgerald is just one of the many writers during this time to write about such times. Fitzgerald, however, is an author that defined this era also known as the Jazz Age. Known for novels such as The Great Gatsby, This Side of Paradise, and The Beautiful and the Damned, and many short stories, Fitzgerald is described by famousauthors.org as â€Å"one of the greatest writers American soil has produced in the 20th century. F. Scott Fitzgerald is one of the most influential writers of theRead MoreEssay about F. Scott Fitzgerald1049 Words   |  5 PagesF Scott Fitzgerald was one of the most influential authors of the 20th century. Although his last finished work was more than 60 years ago, today they are enjoyed with more enthusiasm and acclaim than they were when they were written. His works are cited as an influence for many other authors. Fitz gerald saw his writing as a reflection of his own life. His works are closely based on his experiences at Princeton, in World War 1 and his love life. Although he was not overly popular at the timeRead MoreAmerican Idealism in F. Scoot Fitzgerald ´s The Great Gatsby847 Words   |  3 Pagesexpression of the American experience.† According to Ross MacDonald, F. Scott Fitzgerald’s book, The Great Gatsby, was about â€Å"American idealism destroyed by American greed†. (Thompson p.152) This theme of a misinterpreted American Dream was portrayed throughout what is said to be one of Fitzgerald’s most influential works, The Great Gatsby. Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald was born in the great capital of Saint Paul, Minnesota. Born into an upper middle class family on September 24, 1896, Fitzgerald spent theRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald893 Words   |  4 PagesCamdon Green Mrs. Navarro English III 3 October 2014 From Party to Madness, And Everything In Between F. Scott Fitzgerald once said, â€Å"First you take a drink, then the drink takes a drink, then the drink takes you†. â€Å"The good life† can quickly dwindle into loneliness and sorrow, as portrayed in his masterpiece of a novel The Great Gatsby. Main character Jay Gatsby is an exceptional example of this. As Gatsby wanders throughout the novel trying to impress his lost love, Daisy Buchanan, throwing lavishRead MoreAn Interview with F. Scott Fitzgerald964 Words   |  4 PagesDailyTimes Newspaper F Scott Fitzgerald has been one of the most recognizable authors out there today. Many people admire his work, but he’s hard to catch and follow due to his busy schedule and personal lifestyle being an alcoholic. On the 19th of November 1925 I was given a chance to meet up with F. Scott Fitzgerald, to discuss about the eminent novel written by him â€Å"The Great Gatsby† at his house in Los Angeles. The books about a poor turned wealthy man, Gatsby and his attempt on getting hisRead More Fitzgerald and Short Story Writing Essay1370 Words   |  6 PagesFitzgerald and Short Story Writing Although Fitzgerald today is usually considered a novelist, in his lifetime he was more well-known for his short stories. He was a prolific writer of short stories, and published around 160 of them (Bruccoli xiii). Many literary critics often separate â€Å"Fitzgerald the novel writer† from â€Å"Fitzgerald the short story writer†. In his own life, Fitzgerald felt somewhat of a disconnection between his ‘literary’ career as a novelist and his more professional

Alcohol And Its Effects On Alcohol - 1403 Words

Abstract Alcohol has long been a subject of controversy. Long before man understood the indications and contraindications of alcohol there has been laws against this drug. Classifying alcohol as a drug may not be suited for a majority of the population because people like to partake in drinking. Imbibing in alcohol is a tradition in many parts of the country. We use alcohol for celebrations, traditions, socialization and combining food flavors with specific alcohols. Forgetting that too much can lead to many issues and problems like alcoholism, liver disease and contraindications with other medications. Alcohol was extremely detrimental to the native Americans of this land. Keywords: alcohol, tradition, addiction, indications, contraindications, liver disease, native Americans. Alcohol Abuse and its Indications Alcohol has been around for many centuries, involving tradition, religion, and social gatherings. For many using alcohol is not a problem because they fall into the categories listed above. In some churches, the use of wine is used to represent the blood of Christ, although many have turned to grape juice now. Others use alcohol as a custom for watching football or perhaps traditionally within some cultures like the Irish, who drink daily for continued health. And lastly, social gatherings are also an excuse to ‘drink up’ and celebrate any event in one’s life. What most people fail to realize is that drinking can lead to health issues and dependence.Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Alcohol Abuse On Alcohol882 Words   |  4 Pagesme is alcohol. I often notice underage adolescents drinking and I also distinguish how they become different people when intoxicated by alcohol. They begin to walk funny and they tend to slur their words, making it hard to comprehend anyth ing they are saying. I have watched family members who were so inebriated that they could not even spell their own name or even pinpoint who they were. The questions I always ask myself when I see these drunk college kids is â€Å"Do these kids know the effects of alcoholismRead MoreEffects Of Alcohol On The Consumption Of Alcohol1288 Words   |  6 PagesAlcohol consumption is highly prominent around the world and Australia. Most Australians have consumed alcohol at some point of time in their lives. Most individuals doing so at a level that is acceptable and does not lead to any ill health or injury. There is, however, an issue with the misuse and abuse of alcohol in Australia across all age groups. This paper will discuss the use of alcohol in Australia broadly before focusing on the consumption of alcohol in the 16-29 year old age group. ThisRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol On Alcohol Abuse Essay1115 Words   |  5 Pages Dependance on alcohol has been around ever since its cr eation and records of writing existed. From Biblical commandments clearly restricting the drink due to its destructive and addictive nature to the celebrities on tv screens and music devices glorifying the substance, alcohol has always been part of various cultures. Being the number one drug problem in the U.S with over 12 million people reportedly being alcoholics and of those 7 million being binge drinkers between the ages 12-20, it comesRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol On Alcohol Abuse941 Words   |  4 PagesEvery day around the world, people fail to realize the effects alcohol abuse can have on themselves as well as their loved ones. Alcohol is highly addictive, and can plague an individual s life. People who suffer from alcohol abuse go through various withdrawal symptoms when attempting to cease from drinking alcohol. There are various methods alcohol abusers to quit using alcohol. For adults who abuse alcohol, achieving abstinence can be an arduous process that can be overco me with the perseveranceRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol On Alcohol Abuse942 Words   |  4 PagesEveryday around the world people fail to realize the effects alcohol abuse can have on themselves as well as their loved ones. Alcohol can be highly addictive, and plague an individual s life. Individuals who suffer from alcohol abuse go through various withdrawal symptoms when attempting to cease from drinking alcohol. There are various methods alcohol abusers to quit using alcohol. For adults who abuse alcohol, achieving abstinence can be an arduous process that can be overcome with the perseveranceRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol On The Consumption Of Alcohol1950 Words   |  8 PagesThere are a multitude of aspects to consider as to why an individual would be dependent on the consumption of alcohol. One being the living environment of an individual has an effect on alcohol abuse according to the studies found, McCaul et al (2009) talks about this theme and goes on to say that the mo re licensed alcohol establishment’s in one particular area means it’s more likely for someone to drink on a regular basis as it’s not out of their way. Another reason may be the individual’s emotionalRead MoreEffects of Alcohol827 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many opinions that have been put across regarding alcohol consumption. Some are biased while others are based on either prejudice or beliefs. However the truth is that alcohol has its own merits and demerits. Every drinker has already at least some of the short term alcohol effects like a hangover or a bad night’s sleep. Long term effects are usually experienced when it is quite late. Heavy drinking results to a staggering walk, indistinct words and memory lapses. Upon drinking, oneRead MoreAlcohol Consumption : The Effects Of Alcohol On The Body1312 Words   |  6 Pages Alcohol Consumption: The Effects of Alcohol on the Body Thamara Jean-Jacques Professor: Nina Walker Biology 115 October 17, 2015 Lithonia Campus Abstract Drinking alcohol for a period of time or even binge drinking cause harm your heart. Alcohol increases the risk for heart attack, strokes, and hypertension. In 2013, a total of 71,713 people died of liver disease the ages ranged from 12 and older. Alcohol has also been known to affect the pancreas, large amounts of alcohol can confuseRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol On Alcohol Consumption1373 Words   |  6 Pageswhether or not alcohol should be prohibited. In most countries, at a certain age, adults are allowed to purchase alcohol without being limited to certain choices. However, with the rise of alcoholic products, there are concerns for public health and safety. Many people argue that restrictions should be placed on alcohol consumption. To begin with, there are several factors that involve in alcohol consumption. Studies have shown that there is a direct correlation between alcohol consumption andRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol Drinking Alcohol On Children1219 Words   |  5 PagesAlcohol has always been around in our lifetimes. If you enjoy it now then what if you had it at an earlier age? What if your parents allowed you to drink it? What if your children could drink it without any problems. Alcohol by itself is not dangerous at all if consumption is regulated and drinking responsibly. Each day, it seems more and more incidents involving the influence of alcohol or being drunk are occurring more often. That creates a very negative image of alcohol, and minors could be educated

Reality Television Has Become A Big Part Of Programming

Abstract Background: Watching television is a part of daily life for nearly all Americans and the world. Reality television has become a big part of programming. Objectives: To determine if reality television is less (or more) cognitively stimulating than non-reality television. In society it appears that it is mainly the younger viewers who prefer to watch reality television while it is older viewers who prefer to watch no-reality television shows. Method: Selecting 8 reality television shows (social cognitive theory) and 8 non-reality television shows, both selections were made randomly and determining if the show provided new lessons or inspiration to accomplish a new task, or to determine if the show was only for entertainment purposes. Results: The hypothesis was disproved as reality television was found to be cognitively stimulating to viewers of all ages. Keywords: Reality television shows, non-reality television shows, cognitive stimulation, demographic Cognitive Stimulation in Reality Television Shows Non-Reality Television Shows This study is aimed to determine if reality television is less cognitively stimulation than non-reality television, and if this is true to determines who watches reality television. Who is the per-determined demographic for reality television and who is the demographic for non-reality television? In order to determine this information, firstly I hypothesized that Reality TV shows are less cognitively stimulating thanShow MoreRelatedThe Impact of Reality Tv on the Teenagers1732 Words   |  7 PagesImpact Of Reality TV on the Teenagers in Mumbai Nimish Satpute St. Andrews College Instructors : Prof. Meenakshi Kamat : Prof. Jenny Benoy Abstract Reality-based television programming has become a dominant force in television over the past seven years and a staple of most networks’ primetime lineups. This relatively quick change in the television landscape and the sudden increase in viewers’ consumption of reality television necessitateRead MoreEssay on Argument Against Reality Television852 Words   |  4 Pagesthemselves in the name of television? Media both in the UK and around the world seem to have discovered that so-called reality shows are very profitable, resulting in a growing string of such shows in recent years. Although not all are successful, many do achieve significant popularity and cultural prominence. That does not mean, however, that they are good for society or that they should be aired. Can you honestly say, that after absorbing the reality rubbish, you have Read MoreAn Analysis of the Reality TV Show The Biggest Loser1721 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Reality TV Analysis: The Biggest Loser Introduction Traditional television (TV) programming has always been categorized into two categories, that of melodrama and satire. However, in recent years, reality TV has emerged as a new category that revolutionized not only TV programming, but also the way people experience narratives/stories delivered through the TV (as the mass medium). In reality TV, the audience experiences life as it is lived by the actors or participants in the reality show. WhileRead MoreThe Effects Of Modern Media On Us1046 Words   |  5 Pagesinfluence us in big ways. We never would notice that things like modern media, such as television, ads, and the internet would impact us in ways we never thought about. Modern media affects us not only on how we think, but it also has a part in what we do. Media is all around us; it is part of our everyday lives. Whether we are at school, work, doctors’ appointments, media is everywhere we go. Somehow in one point over the years media became not only a part of our world but a part of us. We let whatRead MoreAssess the Debates About Whether or Not Reality Television Is a Form of Tabloidization. Refer to at Least Two Academic Sources.2891 Words   |  12 Pagesthe debate on whether or not reality television is becoming more like a form of tabloidization; whether, reality TV has shifted from to entertaining the audience rather than educating the audience. John Corner believes that television has greatly expanded its range of images, depicting more of the ‘real’. He added that the shift in reality TV has employed factual programming, such as an increase in documentaries. On the other hand, Richard Kilborn believes that reality TV is a simulation of real lifeRead MoreTelevision Violence and Its Effect on Children867 W ords   |  4 PagesTelevision Violence and Its Effect on Children The children of today are surrounded by technology and entertainment that is full of violence. It is estimated that the average child watches from three to five hours of television a day! (Neilson 1993). Listening to music is also a time consuming pastime among children. With all of that exposure, one might pose the question, How can seeing so much violence on television and video games and hearing about violence in in music affect a childs behaviorRead MoreReality Television Economic Factors And The Production Of Television Programs Essay1372 Words   |  6 Pagesï‚ § Reality Television Economic Factors How many factors are part of the production of television programs in reality. When we feel pressure to provide the display, the producer will make money, this is how the process works, to assess the social structure in the media are suitable. I have found that, in this season, the main impact of the huge influx of reality TV show based on information from the actors, writers strike, advertisers trying to reach a large part of the total population, and theRead MoreProfessional Wrestling: A Trend among Children1263 Words   |  5 Pages Professional Wrestling has become one of the trends among people especially children. Leng et al in a literature review from their article their article (pg 45) explain profession wrestling as more of a source of entertainment than a sport where there is a portrayal and dramatization of good versus evil. My paper will focus extensively on television violence with respect to professional wrestling and its effects on children; it will also assert sexuality with in professional wrestling. AccordingRead MoreTransformation and Improvement of Television Hardware Essay1445 Words   |  6 PagesFor the past 100 years, television has become one of the key technologies to modern population. Not only does it have the ability to transform and adapt various domestic, national and cultural contexts, but have a seemingly infinite variety of programme genres, as well. What is more, it shares a quality with radio of being able to broadcast events to the public as they happen. This capacity is sometimes connected to television’s characteristic â€Å"liveness†. Television is at a crucial moment in itsRead MoreEssay on How Television Impacts our Children1123 Words   |  5 PagesTelevision has been around for over a half century. The first view of TV in the United States took place at a Worlds Fair in 1939, but standard television broadcasting did not begin until the late 1940s. Worry about the influence of television on children began when TV was in its early years. E arly on in the 1950s, educators and parents began to ask legislators to do something about the amount of violence on TV. This concern still exists today. Parents have reservations about the quality of television

The Thirty Nine Year Old New Zealand Weight Lifter

This essay will discuss the isssue of the thirty-nine year old New Zealand weight lifter, Laurel Hubbard, a transgender woman who won the Australian International weightlifting competition. The following theories, Utilitarianism and Kantian Ethics will be discussed to identify the ethical issues to justify whether this issue is fair for the other woman competitiors. Before Hubbard arose as an international caliber lifter last year, she would compete nationally as ‘Gavin Hubbard’, which is her birth name. She started transitioning as a woman in her mid thirty’s, eventually reaslising she was going to be a lot more successful as a weightlifter (NZ Herald, 2017). Garry Marshall, the President of Olympic Weightlifting New Zealand, said that†¦show more content†¦Rule Utilitarian’s believe that the moral correctness of an act varies on the correctness of the rules that accepts it to accomplish the greatest good (Mill, 1863). Utilitarianism is summarized into three main propositions, number one being that actions are to be judged and assessed right or wrong merely of their consequences (Mill, 1863). Nothing else is considered, only those who have the best consequences (Mill, 1863). Secondly, when assessing the consequences, the only priority is the extent of happiness or unhappiness. Everything else is unrelated. Finally, the third proposition states that no one’s happiness is measured as more important than anyone else’s, everyone is equal (Mill, 1863). A Utilitarian’s main concern is the consequence of an act. A person’s reasoning and intentions to why they do a certain ‘thing’ is seen as more important (Mill, 1863). â€Å"The ethical worth of an action is calculated by the amount of pleasure or pain it produces for those affected by it† (Walton, 2003) If the actions made are morally appropriate and create an overall happiness for a person or persons, then you have achieved a belief of Utilitarianism (Walton, 2003). When relating the theory of Utilitarianism to Laurel Hubbard’s situation in weightlifting, the consequences of her actions did not create and overall happiness for the other woman competiting in the weightlifting competition. There was an overall happiness from Laurel herself, and family members, but theShow MoreRelated_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pages0-495-11873-7 ââ€"   To my nephews, Jesse and Luke Smidt, who bet I wouldn’t put their names in this book. R. P. ââ€"   To my wife, Sally, and my daughter, Anna C. O. ââ€"   To Carol, Allie, and Teri. J. D. ââ€"   About the Authors puter Teacher of the Year award in 1988 and received the Siemens Award for Advanced Placement in mathematics in 1999. Chris is a frequent contributor to the AP Statistics Electronic Discussion Group and has reviewed materials for The Mathematics Teacher, the AP Central web

Alcohol vs Marijuana Free Essays

Alcohol and marijuana are two drugs commonly used and abused in the United States. Alcohol is the number one abused drug, while marijuana is number one among illegal drugs. While alcohol remains legal, and marijuana illegal, this does not necessarily mean that alcohol is better for you. We will write a custom essay sample on Alcohol vs Marijuana or any similar topic only for you Order Now There have been many arguments where people suggest that marijuana should be legal because alcohol is more deadly. On the other hand, there are alcoholics who would tell a pothead that smoking weed is bad for you. Both substances are very bad for your health and should not be heavily used by anyone but we do need to be a little more piteous to the people that do drugs because you don’t know what they go through in life . Although, Marijuana has such a bad reputation Marijuana is one of the most common drug today and its also arrant. But what exactly is marijuana? Marijuana is a green, brown, or gray mixture of dried, shredded leaves, stems, seed, and flowers of the hemp plants. There are a lot of names for this drug and they are: pot, herb, weed, grass, boom, mary jane, gangster, or chronic. Marijuana has been around for many years and has been thought to be illegal and harmful. But marijuana has been used for medical reasons, including: medicine, hemp rope, crude cloth and enjoyment. Why do young people use marijuana? There are many reasons why they do that and most young people smoke marijuana because their friends or brothers and sisters use marijuana and pressure them to try it. others may think its cool to use marijuana because they hear songs about it and see it on TV and in movies. Some teens may feel they need marijuana and other drugs to help them escape from their problems at home, at school, or with friends. Alcohol is a drug that is classified as a central nervous system depressant. There are three forms of alcohol, beer, wine and distilled spirits. Alcohol is one of the most commonly used drugs in the United States and has more adverse effects that most other drugs combined. There are many aspects to consider when thinking about alcohol as a drug. There are many myths surrounding alcohol, including who uses it, what its effects are on users, social and sexual situations and the amounts people drink. The vast majority of the American population uses alcohol and in many various ways and this also causes different effects. Alcohol is also has a great causation in crimes committed by users, social, medical, and educational problems as a result of use as well. Marijuana and alcohol are similar in many ways because weed and alcohols seems to satisfy most teenagers in today’s world. Some of there similar effects are that they both make you very hungry and sleepy and they both make you escape from reality. When I say they both make you escape from reality I mean that most people drink in smoke because they are going through something and they just don’t want to think about it anymore and that’s how they escape from reality. If they were to get rid of marijuana and alcohol I think that would be very formidable. As you can see marijuana and alcohol are the most common drugs used in today’s society but does that make it right for everyone to do them? Should alcohol be illegal since marijuana is illegal or should they both be legal? Those are some of the questions you have to ask yourself because just because your friends are drinking and smoking doesn’t mean you have to drink and smoke also, jus be above the influence! How to cite Alcohol vs Marijuana, Papers

The Case Study of the Financial Fraud

Question: Write to the case study of the financial fraud. Answer: 1: The Similarities And Differences Of The Ponzy And The Pyramid Scheme: Ponzi scheme is the business of forgery. It is a swindling of investment that assures high rates of payment in return (Baucus 2014). It also displays that there is a very little possibility to risk for the investors. It is a type of white-collar crime, on which some designated personality takes money from new investors to make payments to the old investors. The money is not actually invested and that is why the scheme collapses and the investor who subsidizes money for the scheme finally loses his money. A pyramid scheme is a type of business structure, which enlists members with the assurance of service or payment promise to register candidates into this scheme (Sheffrin 2013). Enlisted members increases in number and further recruitment becomes unsustainable thus the scheme fails to accumulate profit and faces closure. Pyramid scheme is an illegal business and it is hard to detect but it has been seen that the scheme can be identified the lack of retail sales (Kolk 2016). Investors purchase and load their inventory with automatic purchases at regular intervals but the products do not sell because their selling value is less than the prices on which they have brought the product. Ponzi scheme is harmful to the society not only because not only they lose customer support but also have to confront financial loss. The financial industry has experienced this kind of financial misdemeanor called Ponzi scheme (Johnson 2012). Pyramid scheme and Ponzi scheme are often mistaken to be the same. Pyramid structure, as earlier has been discussed cannot be detected easily whereas Ponzi scheme can be detected easily ( Ramaseshan 2015). Pyramid is an explicit scheme because in this case an individual has to pay money for a chance where other individuals can pay the money. Ponzi scheme is implicit scheme as it requires an individual to fabricate in order to gather participant for their scheme. According to Nashat, Abdullah and Abdullah 2014, Pyramid scheme authorities need to work actively as they know that they have to gather or hire new participants and sell products in order to make their scheme workable. In Ponzi scheme individual contributes money to a manager who assures them that they will get higher money value in return. The person who carries out this kind of business controls the whole operation but in pyramid scheme is formulated so that the primary schemer hire investors who in return will hire other i nvestment makers and this process goes on(Kumar, Ravi and Mahapatra 2015). In this scheme, the investment chances are offered as incentive structure where they have a right to trade a product. A Ponzi scheme is a fraud scheme which is indicated as crime but pyramid is said to be a deceptive business which is supporting an unsustainable practice and also manufacturing of any product and service. Pyramid scheme creates an organizational structure by recruiting more and more investors so that they can expand their business (By and Burnes 2013 ) Ponzi is not a business. It is a type of investment firm and which collapses when there are no new investors. Ponzi is basically a scheme opted by the brokers. In a Ponzi scheme there is no existence of a real business, it is a scheme that is used in any industry where investments are made but in pyramid scheme there is an existent business (Frankel 2012). Bernard .L. Madoff and R. Allen Stanford are the two schemers who volunteered in Ponzi scheme. Ponzi scheme and pyramid scheme are the similar looking mode of forgery. They share similar kind of characteristics. In both the cases the individuals like financiers and business personality's dupe oblivious individuals who mistakenly make investments in order to get the extraordinary amount in return (Lee and Fargher 2013). Investors in both Ponzi and pyramid schemes gets targeted basically because they are rich and are capable of paying a large amount of money. According to Young and Kumar, S., 2016, the money is taken from the investors in the name of making an investment which will after sometime increase into an amount which is double or may be triple of the amount which is invested. Unlike in regular investment the schemes promise that an individual can earn a consistent profit then he has to keep on allocating investors who are interested in making an investment (Rayman 2013). They are both self-sustaining schemes where the investors have to keep on increasing volunteers who will readily invest the amount for the scheme. The inward flow of cash needs to match with the outward flow of the cash (Gonzalez-Perez and Leonard 2013) . In both the cases the initiator of the scheme is the one who has committed the real crime, the participant are not guilty as long as they have invested unknowingly to the scheme. 2: What Helps The Criminals Like Bernie Madoff To Survive And Thrive: TheMadoff investment scandalwas one of the major cases of stock and securities deception, which was exposed in late 2008. If the abilities or the conveniences of the white-collar criminals like Bernie Madoff, which helped them to carry out their fraudulent business is investigated, it can easily be found that a number of instruments ware influential in this regard. Even being a well-respected investment banker, Madoff persuaded thousands of investors to invest their savings with a false promise of consistent income in return. However, how did he or the other fraudulent businesspersons are able to do this. As discussed by Baer 2014, Ponzi schemes typically pay returns of 20% or higher, and collapses quickly. However, in the case of Bernie Madoff, a number of things worked in his favor. The following discussion may put some light on this matter. As considered by Mandell 2015, Madoff swindled his depositors out of $65 billion and went unnoticed by the related state authorities for decades. It came into the limelight in 2008. Madoff used the idea of Ponzy Scheme. As discussed by Golden et al. 2012, the name Ponzi Scheme was originated from the Italian businessperson and a fraudulent artist Charles Ponzi. This is a special kind of investment and returns strategy. As opined by Greenberg and SzE 2013, Ponzi Schemes are operated by a central machinist, who uses the funds from new depositors to pay off the guaranteed returns to older ones. Here, the con men like Bernard Madoff, manage a fraudulent investment service. The investors are convinced to deposit their money to the portfolio manager. This manager guarantees the investors that they will be funded with a great return (Lai 2015). On the other hand, he makes the same promises to so many other investors and thus collects funds from them. Now, when the previous investors want th eir money or the return, "they are paid out with the incoming funds contributed by later investors" (Lewis 2013). Here, the manager of these funds are merely shifts the money from one investor to the other and abstains from any genuine investment activities. In the case of Bernard Madoff, he admitted that he just transferred the money from one bank to the other. One of the main reasons that the con investors like Bernard Madoff can carry put their notorious business is their promise and the initial cases of high returns to the investors (Stephen and Galak 2012). Most of the clients of Bernard Madoff, were well-off, and they wanted to obtain a high and consistent return. So, they ware happily convinced and invested to the Ponzi Scheme of Bernard Madoff. it is the greed of the investors that lured them to invest in a high return scheme without any hesitation. Also in the case of Allen Stanford, another white-collar fraud, the investors were promised to high range of return with a 9.87% compound annual interest, which was much higher than the contemporary US average CD rates (Mullenix 2013). This lured the investors to invest in his scheme. As opined by Deason et al. 2015, the investors must notice such red flags, only then the con financer s can be stopped to operate. As mentioned by Greenbergn and SzE 2013, the victims of such cases state that they believe such firms as the returns are amazing and they are always able to get their money back within few days of their claims. One of the main reasons of flying off the white-collar criminal like Bernard Madoff, is their faculty of being well-versed in their operating sectors. Bernard Madoffs advantage of being a former member of the financial industry helped him to nullify the threats of the financial investigations. He was in this industry for a long time and he was hardly unknown to the dos and donts of this sectors. Therefore, it can easy be believed that this 70-year-old commerce veteran knew unerringly what he was doing. As opined by Baucus and Mitteness 2016, the knowledge of the industry and the strength of education and confidence help them operate such a fraudulent business for a longer period. As discussed by Edelbacher et al. 2012, it can often be seen that the white-collar criminals are mostly the trustworthy and the respectable figures. It makes the victims of the business believe that the operation is legitimate and there is nothing to be skeptical about. As opined by Golden et al. 2012, people tend to believe a person who looks professional and respectable in their outward appearance. In the context of Bernard Madoff, his appearance and the reputation of being a veteran financial advisor worked a lot for the smooth running of the business. The fraudulent operations of Bernard Madoff or Allen Stanford works with great precision as long as the perpetrators are able to manage and make the new investors deposit in their schemes. As mentioned by Will 2012, often the offer self-effacing but secure return lures the investors more than the promise of high returns. Bernard Madoff and Allen Stanford, both made use of the market demand for financial security. Bernard Madoff did not promise high range interest and return to all of his investors rather he offered them a consistent earning. This helped him to arrange a number of willing depositors time to time. His Ponzy Scheme was just to transfer the money from one investor to the other. The consistent investment by the new investors helped them to ensure the constant return of money to the investors. Sometimes the lack in the investigation set up helps the criminals like Bernard Madoff. as the Swiss bank stated that because of Madoff's reputation and experience as a financial broker, they believed him and opted for no prior investigation. The strong hold in the legal sectors also helps the frauds like Madoff's for a longer period than the other financial frauds. Both in the cases of Bernard Madoff and Allen Stanford, the Securities and Exchange Commission was extremely criticized for their failure of the early detection of the cases of Ponzy Scheme. People started to allege the firms long before, but the repeated investigations of SEC failed to detect any financial wrongdoings in the accounts of these firms. As opined by Baer 2014, as a number of SEC employees were involved in the investment business, the lack of proper objectivity fogged up the whole process of investigation and its aim. In addition to this, Bernard Madoff had a long-standing relationship with Securities Industr y and Financial Markets Association(SIFMA) and the highly eminent lawmakers and regulators of Washington (Lewis 2013). This helped him a lot to avoid an unbiased and stringent financial audit and investigation. TheCentral Bank of Irelandhas also stated that they failed to detect the massive fraud operation of Madoff and was duped by his scheme. As estimated by Mullenix 2013, in Madoff's case, the business compelled to deteriorate when most of the clients ordered a total of $7 billion back in return. One of the USPs of Madoffs businesses is that the customers were allowed to withdraw their money whenever they want and it fortunately revealed the biggest white-collar crime of the decade. It was in the second half of 2008, when the European investors began to withdraw their investment as a reaction of the worldwide recession. As discussed by Walsh and Spalding Jr. 2012, there were a number of other notable Ponzi schemes witnessed by the history of the financial world, including Allen Stanford's who stole $8 billion and Tom Petter who duped the investors with almost $3.7 billion,but as far as degree goes, Madoff wins by a landslide. 3: The Potential Measure To Tackle The Financial Crimes: In the world where the internet has become an inseparable part of our everyday life, it has become very had to control the cases of Ponzy Scheme and pyramid scheme. As discussed by Schwieso 2014, Financial crime is one of the majorglobal issues and it has to be addressed with a high priority. In a pyramid scheme the perpetrator attempts to earn money by recruiting agents as new members. The business talks about multi level marketing and selling of products or services. But in reality, advocates of the investment use funds from new members to pay off the previous investors until in due course, the pyramid falls down (Banks and Torres 2012). As opined by Banks and Torres 2012, these proposals usually guarantee significant returns in a very small period. On the other hand, in the Ponzy Scheme, a financial fraud convinces the investors to invest in a fund, with the promise of a high return and consistent earnings (Walsh and Spalding Jr. 2012). Here, in this scheme, the perpetrator makes the investors believe that the fund will be invested in a legitimate business and the investors will be able to draw the legitimate return in any point of time. However, in reality, the fraud financial broker simply pays the previous investors their claims with the money accumulated from the investments by the new depositors. Thus without conducting any genuine business the fraudulent broker makes a huge earning (Baucus and Mitteness 2016). Awareness among the customers: Now, in most the cases it can be found that the investors do not possess a definite knowledge about the operation or nature of the schemes. This typically makes them fall under the pray of the fraudulent financial business operations. The investors have to be able to detect the characteristics of the schemes like Ponzy or pyramid. As discussed by Sullivan 2015, by identifying the warnings or the red flags the investors can save themselves from becoming a victim of financial crimes. The promise of high and certain return with little or no risk should be identified as a red signal. Overly consistent and positive return is a hard thing to achieve. Therefore, the customers have to be conscious about such promises. Tall claims in the statements no investor has ever lost a single penny of his investment with us have to be detected as a warning sing in the investment sector. The customers should also be conscious about the businesses where the executors are not willing to divulge their business strategies. In the case of Madoff, as mentioned by Andrews et al. 2013, He commonly refused to meet openly with investors, which gave him an "Oz" impression and amplified the allure of the venture. It could work as a red flag for the investors but they denied to notice it. Usage of internet: In addition to this, the investors have to be careful about the usage of internet for the financial transactions. With the help of the internet, the execution of the pyramid scheme has become easier (Lagazio et al. 2014). Therefore, while making networking with any business set up through the internet it is important for the users to be extra careful. On the other hand, other financial crimes online theft can also be tackled with a bit more consciousness from the user end. Hence, it can be said that to tackle the cases of the financial crimes, it is mostly important to generating awareness among the customers or the investors. As opined by Kundi et al. 2014, as they come directly in contact with the fraudulent and illegal investment schemes like Ponzy or the pyramid scheme, it is highly recommended that the generation of an extensive awareness and knowledge and alertness is the prerequisite for the success of the mission of tackling the financial crimes. Whistle blowing: To stop the financial frauds the Whistle blowing process can also become a fruitful method. The monitoring agencies like Securities and Exchange Commission, can introduce regular monitoring of the complaints or suspicion tickets raised not only by the customers but also by the employees of the concerned organization. As discussed by Edelbacher et al. 2012, any misdemeanor within the organization when detected by any internal unit (the employees) or an external unit (the stakeholders or the customers) will be informed to the relevant authority within minimal time. It will help the legal authorities address and detect potential criminal activities. Compliance standards: As opined by Haq 2016, it is important to set certain compliance standards for the entire financial industry. It is difficult to lay a fixed standard for all financial activities, but certain compliance should be there so that the diversions can easily be detected and the required steps can be taken before the collapse of the system. The idea of the compliance standers means a set of legal specifications, policy and laws, which all the institutions operating in the financial industry have to follow. As opined by Sullivan 2015, it has to be a legal compulsion for them to abide by these set norms. Know-Your-Customer (KYC): As discussed by Andrews et al. 2013, it is important to prevent the cases of money laundering. One of the best processes to deal with it is to introduce the know-your-customer process within the organization. It will be helpful both in protecting the benefits of the customers as well as the organization. As opined by Edelbacher et al. 2012, based on a professional relationship with customers, this is an important tool to achieve an appropriate level of Customer Protection. Now, most of the organizations operating in the banking industry are following the strategy of Know-Your-Customer (KYC). Internal control and audit: In addition to this, it is important to lay down rules for internal control to address the issues like financial crimes. As opined by Haq 2016, internal audit can be a rewarding instrument in detecting the monitory misconduct within an organization. On the other hand, the financial audit by the credible and registered and unbiased auditor can also help an organization to control the occurrences of financial misdemeanors. It is important for the companies to regularly review and amend their financial policies so that they would be able to address the modern and contemporary issues. As discussed by Baucus and Mitteness 2016, it is also important for the companies especially the companies that are operating in the financial sectors like banks or the insurance companies to provide regular and up to date training programs to their staffs so that they become capable enough to detect, avert and address the financial crimes. Legal punishments: As discussed by Baer 2014, to tackle increasing rate of the financial crimes worldwide the legal procedure of stringent punishment can be followed. Though most of the countries have legal guidelines to combat and control the occurrence of the white-collar crimes, the cases are only increasing. As mentioned by Haq 2016, in countries like, China, the white-collar crime can cause a perpetrator even capital punishment. There is a perpetual debate about the disparity of the sentencing in the white-collar crime case; the importance of a stringent punishment cannot be ignored. As opined by Edelbacher et al. 2012, the organizations as well as the customers should work closely with the state authority like the legal system of the country, law enforcement bureaus, the regulators etc. to share the finest practices and contribute to the current initiatives, which are intended to stop the risk of the financial crimes. Thus, avoid discussed methods and tactics can help in avoiding the further occurrences of the financial crimes like Ponzy schemes or the Pyramid schemes. However, without the extensive awareness among customers or the investors no process will be responsive enough to address the problem of financial crimes. References: Andrews, S., Polovina, S., Yates, S., Akhgar, B. and Bayerl, P.S., 2013, January. Tackling Financial and Economic Crime through Strategic Intelligence: The EMPRISES Framework. InProceedings of the International Conference on Information and Knowledge Engineering (IKE)(p. 1). The Steering Committee of The World Congress in Computer Science, Computer Engineering and Applied Computing (WorldComp). Baucus, M.S., 2014, December. Shortcut to Success: How Ponzi Entrepreneurs Establish Grow Ventures Quickly. InProceedings of the International Association for Business and Society(Vol. 25, pp. 260-267). Baer, M.H., 2014. Confronting the Two Faces of Corporate Fraud.Florida Law Review,66, p.87. Banks, T. and Torres, T.J., 2012. Update on the Pyramid Scheme.The European Physical Journal C,72(10), pp.1-6. Baucus, M.S. and Mitteness, C.R., 2016. Crowdfrauding: Avoiding Ponzi entrepreneurs when investing in new ventures.Business Horizons,59(1), pp.37-50.

Change and continuity free essay sample

They are able to figure out the wind and monsoon patterns. Mediterranean sailors use square sails, long banks of oars, ships are nailed together. Indian Ocean sailors use triangular sails, no oars, and tied ships. Impact: Africa provides exotic animals, wood, and ivory. Somalia and Southern Arabia provide frankincense and myrrh. Less valuable than Mediterranean Sea. Isolate ports that lack fresh water. In 1200 The rising prosperity of Asian, Euroopean, and African states stimulate the expansion of trae in the Indian Ocean. Luxuries for the wealthy-precious metals and jewls, rare spices, fine textiles, and other manufactures. Contstruction of larger ships makes shipments of buk cargoes of ordinary cotton textiles, pepper, food grans (rice, wheat, barley), timber horses, and other goods profitable. Collapse of the mongol empire- disrupts overland trade routes across Central Asia, the Indian Ocean routes assumed greater strataegic importance in tying together the peoples of Eurasia and Africa. 1200-1500 Dhow is a cargo and passenger ship of the Arabian sea. We will write a custom essay sample on Change and continuity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They all have a hull construction. The hulls consist of planks that were sewn together, not nailed. Cord made of fiber from the husk of coconuts or other materials was passed through rows of holed drilled in the planks. Marco Polo fancifully suggested that it in dictated sailors’ fear that large ocean magnets would pull any nails out of their ships. The second distinctive feature of the dhows was their trianglular (lateen) sails made of palm leaves or cotton. The sails were suspended from tall masts and could be turned to catch the wind. Junk is the largest and most technologically advancd and most seaworth vessel of this time. Developed in china. Built from spruce or fir planks held toether by massive nails. The space below the deck was dived into watertight comspace below the deck was dived into watertight compartments to minimize floodin g in case of damage to the ship’s hull. Ibn Battuta, the largest junks have twelve sails made of bamboo and carried a crew of a thousand men. A large junk might have up to a hundred passenger cabins and could carry a cargo of over 1,000 tons. Trade is decentralized and cooperative. Comercial interest, rather than political authorities, tied several distinct regional networks together. Indian Ocean Use predictable monsoon winds and dhows. Islam gives Indian Ocean trade a boost. They provide a demand for resources and tie the region together. Operates independently of states. Ming dynasty does get involved. 1405-1433 Voyages of Zheng He Commands expeditions of the Ming dynasty. He is a Chinese Muslim with ancestral connection in the Persian Gulf. 1497-1498 Vasco da Gama reaches India Sailed around Africa and reached India. He becomes suspicious of the Muslim rulers intentions. His arrival in India leaves a bad impression on Calicut-the ruler of Calicut is not interested. 1505 Portuguese bombard Swahili Coast cities 1510 Portuguese take Goa Portuguese take Malacca Focus of attention after India. It is the 15th century’s main entrepot (a place where goods are stored and then distributed from. ) 1515 Portuguese take Hormuz 1535 Portuguese take Diu 1538 Portuguese defeat Ottoman fleet 1539 Portuguese aid Ethiopia Indian Ocean Trade vs. Trade in the Americas The reason that the Indian Ocean region prospered while the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires declined was because trade via the sea was a huge asset that none of these empires had (Safavid had minor ports but not enough to compete with European and New World countries. The innovation that was occurring between ship design, navigation, and cannons gave Europe a massive advantage. The Joint-stock exchange also causes these empires to fall behind in trade. Although the majority of sea traders were European, the majority of non-European traders were Islamic. The main reason that the empires fell in standing of the world is because they were strongly land based and simply did not have the resources to convert so much time and resources to the development that would have been needed to compete in the Indian Ocean trade network.